Farm Call: Nitrogen deficiency in strawberry

Sep 25, 2013

Farm Call: Nitrogen deficiency in strawberry

Sep 25, 2013

I was brought out to the situation in strawberry pictured below.  Yellowing leaves and very little flowering or fruiting.   For whatever reason, the street’s call on this was that it is iron, but to me the youngest leaves being as green as they are (Photo 2 below), is a dead giveaway that it’s not iron, because the youngest leaves in iron deficient plants are the first to yellow, not the last.

No sense standing around arguing about the problem, we just have to roll up our sleeves, get dirty and figure it out! 

The charts below are threefold replicates of sampled leaves and soil of affected plants in the field.

Table 1 : Tissue analysis

Nutrient

Sample Concentration

Nitrogen

1.4 %

Phosphorous

0.32 %

Potassium

1.33%

Calcium

2.5%

Magnesium

0.38%

Sodium

197 ppm

Sulfur

0.09 %

Chloride

7930 ppm

Copper

3.7 ppm

Zinc

17 ppm

Iron

270 ppm

Manganese

187 ppm

Boron

49 ppm

Molybdenum

1 ppm

 

Table 2: Soil analysis

Soil   Component

Sample Concentration

Nitrate   (NO3-N) - ppm

4.1

Ammonia   (NH3-N) -  ppm

5.4

Phosphorous   - ppm

99.3

Potassium   – ppm

306

Calcium   – ppm

3800

Magnesium   – ppm

1100

Sodium   – ppm

96

Chloride   – meq/L

0.87

SAR

1.0

Zinc   -ppm

2.6

Iron -   ppm

36.4

Manganese   - ppm

3.8

Boron-   ppm

0.82

Soil pH

6.7

Percent   carbonates as CaCO3

0.56

 

So, it looks like the main culprit here is indeed a lack of nitrogen, seeing that at an average of 1.4% it is well under the 2.4% tissue concentration threshold given in the UCCE nutrient guidelines.  Just to be sure though, we should check to see if any of the other nutrients are low, but they are not and everything else is within normal ranges.  I would have some concern about the high levels of sodium (197 ppm) and chloride (7930 ppm), but beyond some marginal burning of the leaves, these plants don’t seem to be exhibiting symptoms consistent with real salt poisoning.

Looking to the soil, sure enough we get confirmation of what we are seeing at the tissue level, and see that nitrates are pretty low here, running at a lean 4 ppm.  I would probably want to bump that up a bit.