I was brought out to the situation in strawberry pictured below. Yellowing leaves and very little flowering or fruiting. For whatever reason, the street’s call on this was that it is iron, but to me the youngest leaves being as green as they are (Photo 2 below), is a dead giveaway that it’s not iron, because the youngest leaves in iron deficient plants are the first to yellow, not the last.
No sense standing around arguing about the problem, we just have to roll up our sleeves, get dirty and figure it out!
The charts below are threefold replicates of sampled leaves and soil of affected plants in the field.
Table 1 : Tissue analysis
Nutrient |
Sample Concentration |
Nitrogen |
1.4 % |
Phosphorous |
0.32 % |
Potassium |
1.33% |
Calcium |
2.5% |
Magnesium |
0.38% |
Sodium |
197 ppm |
Sulfur |
0.09 % |
Chloride |
7930 ppm |
Copper |
3.7 ppm |
Zinc |
17 ppm |
Iron |
270 ppm |
Manganese |
187 ppm |
Boron |
49 ppm |
Molybdenum |
1 ppm |
Table 2: Soil analysis
Soil Component |
Sample Concentration |
Nitrate (NO3-N) - ppm |
4.1 |
Ammonia (NH3-N) - ppm |
5.4 |
Phosphorous - ppm |
99.3 |
Potassium – ppm |
306 |
Calcium – ppm |
3800 |
Magnesium – ppm |
1100 |
Sodium – ppm |
96 |
Chloride – meq/L |
0.87 |
SAR |
1.0 |
Zinc -ppm |
2.6 |
Iron - ppm |
36.4 |
Manganese - ppm |
3.8 |
Boron- ppm |
0.82 |
Soil pH |
6.7 |
Percent carbonates as CaCO3 |
0.56 |
So, it looks like the main culprit here is indeed a lack of nitrogen, seeing that at an average of 1.4% it is well under the 2.4% tissue concentration threshold given in the UCCE nutrient guidelines. Just to be sure though, we should check to see if any of the other nutrients are low, but they are not and everything else is within normal ranges. I would have some concern about the high levels of sodium (197 ppm) and chloride (7930 ppm), but beyond some marginal burning of the leaves, these plants don’t seem to be exhibiting symptoms consistent with real salt poisoning.
Looking to the soil, sure enough we get confirmation of what we are seeing at the tissue level, and see that nitrates are pretty low here, running at a lean 4 ppm. I would probably want to bump that up a bit.
Attached Images:
Photo 1: Plants exhibiting yellow coloration late in the season.
Photo 2: Strawberry leaf yellowing, but note how green and fresh the new leaves look - a real tell for nitrogen deficiency. Margin discoloration and burning of the older leaves sure to be a product of the high levels of sodium and chloride.