Posts Tagged: mealybug

Control Argentine Ant and Biocontrol Can Really Work

Argentine Ant is a very aggressive invader that disrupts native ant populations and at the same time disrupts biocontrol agents that help control, such pests as scale, aphids and mealy bugs in citrus and other tree crop species.  They defend these sugar producing sources of energy from attack by predators and parasites, like parasitic wasps and predatory assassin bugs and lady bugs. They  increase the threat of Asian Citrus Psyllid and HLB by protecting the psyllid from attack by parasitic Tamarixia.

A careful, well placed chlorpyrifos spray has been used to control Argentine ants.  A trunk spray and/or spray on irrigation lines has disrupted their activity with minimal impact on beneficials.  This protectant spray keeps the Argentine ants out of the canopies and allows the beneficials access to the pests.  Controlling this one species, can have significant impact on biocontrol and the whole need for controlling pests.

Chlorpyrifos is a pesticide that might lose registration and other materials and techniques have been examined over the years as a replacement.  A recent procedure has been proposed and used successfully on Santa Cruz Island to control introduced Argentine ants.  The ant has caused tremendous disruption in biocontrol and it appears to have been controlled by this new technique.  We are in the process of evaluating it's use in citrus. The application technique, costs and materials would need to be modified for use in citrus orchards. The current procedure would not be considered an organic practice since the pesticide material is not registered organic. It might be possible to use an organically registered material in the future.  

 

Protocols for Argentine ant eradication in conservation areas

L.Boser1,C.Hanna2,D.A.Holway3,K.R.Faulkner4,I.Naughton3,K.Merrill5,J.M.Randall1,C.Cory1,D.-H. Choe6 & S. A.Morrison

Journal of Applied Entomology

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jen.12372/full

 

The Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) is a widespread, abundant and ecologically disruptive invader that is present throughout major portions of coastal California and on half of the California Channel Islands. On Santa Cruz Island, the Argentine ant had invaded about 2% of the island's area in four distinct locations as of 2012. Given the negative ecological effects resulting from Argentine ant invasions,we sought to develop a cost-effective method of eradication. Here, we describe the results of large-scale, field-tested methods for Argentine ant eradication and post-treatment detection. Our eradication protocol employs a novel toxicant-delivery system: an aqueous solution of sucrose and 6 ppm of thiamethoxam mixed with hydrating polyacrylamide beads. Ants feed on the solution present on the bead's surface for about 24h after which time bead dehydration prevents feeding. We distributed hydrated beads by helicopter over 74 ha of infested areas plus a 50-m buffer on 14 occasions between June 2013 and September 2014. Treatments reduced Argentine ant activity to subdetectable levels within four months. In 2014, we conducted a high-intensity detection protocol using lures (n = 55 363) in areas treated in 2013.This effort did not detect Argentine ants. In 2015, we conducted   a   medium-intensity   detection   protocol   using lures (n=2250) in areas treated in 2013 and 2014 but not searched in 2014; this sampling effort did not detect Argentine ant activity except for a single remnant infestation (c.0.3ha in area),which was retreated in2015.Thec ost of treatments was approximately $1400 per ha; this cost is comparable to other ant eradication efforts. The cost of our preferred detection method, which used lures spaced every 10m,was $500 per ha.These results demonstrate sufficient protocol efficacy to justify expansion of treatments to other infested areas in ecologically sensitive areas.

 

Photo: Argentine ant and scale

argentine ant and scale

Ladybugs are Back in Force

It's that time of year for a riot of aphids on new growth cheeseweed (malva) and wild radish and with that food source to see ladybird beetles go to town, chowing down.  There's ladybugs in both their larval and adult stages doing the feeding.  Some of the larvae look like mealybugs which is a food source that they mimic and also feed on.  The mealybug destroyers was introduced from Australia at the turn of the 20^th century to fight citrus mealybug and when there is no disruption, they are effective at keeping the population down.  Another mealybug mimic is the dusky ladybird which also feeds on scales, aphids and mealy bugs.  These are generalist predators, even cannibalizing their own, when other food sources are not present.  The dusky has not been common in the Ventura area, but recently, PCA Jane Delahoyde spotted one.  As our weather changes, we are bound to see other insects and invertebrates move into the area.

Check out this University of Florida ladybug website:              

http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/beneficial/lady_beetles.htm

Mealybug-like larval stage surrounded by aphid food (above) and adult (below)

scymnus larvae

scymnus adult

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